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At the end of September 2024, households’ investments in domestic investment funds were at their all-time highest level (EUR 37.9 billion). At the end of September, households’ holdings of quoted equities totalled EUR 51.0 billion, representing an increase of 17% year-on-year.
In September 2024, Finnish households concluded a higher number of new agreements on deposits with agreed maturity than a year earlier. New agreements totalled EUR 1.4 billion, an increase of EUR 0.2 billion from September 2023. The interest rates on households’ new agreements on deposits with agreed maturity have declined for three months. In September 2024, the average interest rate was 3.29%.
In August 2024, drawdowns of student loans totalled EUR 165 million – almost the same as in the corresponding month last year. At the beginning of August, the amount of student loan available for drawdown per month was raised by up to 30%. In August 2024, the stock of student loans (EUR 6.3 billion) was the largest ever.
In the first half of 2024, households drew down a comparable amount of vehicle loans as a year earlier. At the same time, households drew down less unsecured consumer credit than before. The group of OFIs monitored by the Bank of Finland has contracted in 2024.
The aggregate value of contactless payments made in the second quarter of 2024 was EUR 6.8 billion, 18% more than in the corresponding period a year earlier. In the second quarter, a total of 402 million card payments were made using the contactless feature, 10% more than in the second quarter of 2023.
In July 2024, the volume of new housing loans drawn down by Finnish households was moderate at EUR 1.0 billion, which was 4.3% more than in last year’s July and 27.8% less than on average in July 2011–2023. The average interest rate on the new housing loan drawdowns in July was 4.22%.
In the second quarter of 2024, the stock of Finnish households’ deposit stock grew by EUR 1.7 billion in net terms. Despite the growth in the second quarter, the total household deposit stock (EUR 110.8 billion) contracted by 0.1% from a year earlier. At the end of June 2024, the average interest rate on the total deposit stock stood at 1.34%.
In June, the volume of housing loans drawn down for the purchase of holiday homes, i.e., holiday cottage loans, remained low at 11% less than a year earlier. However, the volume of holiday cottage loans drawn down in January–June was almost the same as in the corresponding period last year. Following the rise in interest rates, shorter reference rates have gained popularity also in holiday cottage loans.
Finnish households drew down exceptionally few housing loans in May 2024. New drawdowns amounted to EUR 1.1 billion, which is 8.8% below the total for May 2023. Due to the exceptionally low amount of housing loan drawdowns, the aggregate stock of housing loans contracted in May by 1.0% from a year earlier. Despite the increase in households’ interest payments, the amount of non-performing housing loans has remained low.
There were 1.2 million cash withdrawals at store checkouts in the second half of 2023, an increase of 71% year on year. In the same period, the value of cash withdrawals at store checkouts amounted to EUR 68 million. The value of card payments made in e-commerce in the second half of 2023 totalled EUR 7 billion, an increase of 27% year on year. In the same period, the value of remote card payments using a mobile application (including person-to-person payments) totalled EUR 1.7 billion.
In the first quarter of 2024, a total of 547 million card payments were made using Finnish payment cards, which was 31 million (6%) more than in the same period a year earlier. The aggregate value of card payments declined 7% from the last quarter of 2023 to stand at EUR 16.5 billion.
Drawdowns of new investment property loans in March–April 2024 totalled EUR 210 million, an increase of 14% year on year. The year-on-year contraction of the household loan stock as a whole (EUR 106.0 billion) continued (‑1.2%) as the owner-occupied housing loan stock (EUR 97.3 billion) contracted by ‑1.3%. Overall, drawdowns of housing loans remained exceptionally low in April 2024.
At the end of March 2024, Finnish households owned listed equities worth EUR 46.3 billion, as opposed to EUR 47.3 billion a year earlier. Most (86%) of Finns’ listed shareholdings consist of Finnish companies’ equities. The return on domestic equities held by households amounted to -4.6% in the past 12 months, i.e. from April 2023 to the end of March 2023. In the same period, the return on foreign equities was 17.1%.
In March 2024, non-financial corporations (excl. housing corporations) drew down new loans[1] from banks operating in Finland to a total of EUR 1.1 billion – the smallest amount in March since 2011. The average interest rate on new corporate loans fell slightly from February 20204, to 5.55% in March. Nearly half of the new corporate loans were taken out by companies in the sectors with the largest amounts of outstanding loans, namely real estate and manufacturing companies. The majority (67%) of the new corporate loans drawn down in March were loans of over EUR 1 million. Of the new corporate loans taken out in March, 40% were with a maturity of over 5 years, and the average interest rate on these loans was 5.22
In 2023, the volume of funding mediated to domestic seekers of finance on crowdfunding platforms covered by Finnish statistics amounted to EUR 70.7 million. P2P loans were no longer mediated to private individuals at all in 2023. In 2023, loan-based crowdfunding mediated to Finnish non-financial corporations amounted to EUR 61.3 million, 53% less than in 2022. Investment-based crowdfunding mediated to domestic seekers of finance amounted to EUR 9.0 million.
At the end of February 2024, the loan stock of housing corporations stood at EUR 43.9 billion. At the end of 2023, EUR 22.8 billion of these loans were payable by households, accounting for 52% of all housing corporation loans. Due to the rise in interest rates and slowdown in construction, the rate of growth of the housing corporation loan stock has slowed down abruptly.
At the end of 2023, the stock of consumer credit granted by other financial institutions (OFIs) to Finnish households stood at EUR 4.7 billion, 3% less than a year earlier. Almost 90% of consumer credit consists of vehicle loans.
The aggregate value of card payments amounted to EUR 17.7 billion in the last quarter, which was 6% more than a year earlier. A total of 98 million card payments were initiated on a computer or mobile device in the last quarter of 2023, which was 21% more than in the last quarter of the previous year. The aggregate value of remote card payments (EUR 3.8 billion) was 24% more than in the corresponding period a year earlier. The aggregate value of payments made in other euro area countries using Finnish payment cards totalled EUR 1.4 billion in the last quarter of 2023, which was 14% more than in the last quarter a year earlier.
In January 2024, drawdowns of student loans totalled EUR 279 million, representing a decline of 17% on the corresponding period last year. The average interest rate on student loans drawn down in January 2024 was 4.46%. This is the highest average interest rate on new student loan drawdowns since November 2008.
In the wake of rising interest rates, Finnish households have moved their funds to higher-interest deposit accounts. In the course of 2023, households moved EUR 7.3 of their funds to deposit accounts with an agreed maturity and a little over EUR 2 billion to investment deposit accounts .
